As a new type of engineering material, geotextile plays a key role in various engineering fields such as water conservancy, transportation, construction, and environmental protection due to its excellent physical and mechanical properties and chemical stability. Its specific functions can be summarized into the following six core aspects:
1、 Isolation effect
Geotextiles can effectively separate two or more building materials with different physical properties, such as soil and sand, soil and concrete, roadbed soil and ballast, etc. It can avoid mixing, loss or migration of different materials under load, ensure the integrity of each material layer structure, thereby improving the overall bearing capacity and stability of the structure, and extending the service life of the project. In the construction of highway and railway subgrade, the isolation effect of geotextile can significantly reduce the settlement deformation of the subgrade and improve the smoothness of the road surface.
2、 Filtering function
By relying on a reasonable pore size distribution, geotextiles have both good breathability and permeability. They can accurately intercept fine particles and impurities in the soil when water flows through, while allowing water to penetrate smoothly, forming a stable filtration system. This function can effectively prevent the occurrence of disasters such as piping and soil flow in engineering, especially in the dam and river treatment of water conservancy projects, as well as the drainage system of highway roadbeds. It can ensure the long-term stability of water and soil engineering and avoid structural damage caused by fine particle loss.
3、 Drainage function
Geotextile can construct efficient drainage channels within the soil, utilizing its high porosity and good water permeability to quickly remove excess water and gas from the soil, reduce soil moisture content, and improve soil physical properties. In high-rise building foundations, underground engineering, and roadbed engineering, drainage can effectively alleviate groundwater pressure, reduce erosion and damage to engineering structures caused by water accumulation, and improve the impermeability and stability of the project.
4、 Reinforcement effect
Geotextiles have high tensile strength and elastic modulus. When buried in soil, they can form a collaborative working system with the soil, effectively enhancing the tensile strength, shear strength, and deformation resistance of the soil. In projects such as soft foundation treatment, highway and railway subgrade reinforcement, and slope protection, reinforcement can significantly improve the bearing performance of soft foundations, reduce road surface settlement and cracks, enhance slope stability, and prevent geological disasters such as landslides.
5、 Protective function
Geotextiles can alleviate the destructive effects of external forces such as water flow erosion and wind erosion on soil by diffusing and decomposing external concentrated stresses, thus achieving a good protective effect. In projects such as river embankment slope protection, coastal protection, and mine greening, it can be directly laid on the surface of soil or used in combination with other materials to effectively resist the erosion of natural forces such as water flow and wind, protect the integrity of soil structure, promote vegetation growth, and achieve the goal of ecological protection.
6、 Anti puncture and anti-seepage auxiliary function
When geotextile and geomembrane are used in combination, excellent anti-seepage composite materials can be formed. Geotextile can effectively resist punctures from sharp objects, prevent geomembranes from losing their anti-seepage function due to damage, and also disperse stress, extending the service life of composite anti-seepage systems. This composite material is widely used in projects with extremely high requirements for anti-seepage, such as landfills, sewage treatment plants, tunnels, and artificial lakes, to ensure the safety and stability of anti-seepage systems.
The multifunctionality of geotextile makes it an indispensable key material in modern engineering construction. Reasonable selection and standardized use of geotextile can greatly improve engineering quality, reduce construction costs, and provide solid guarantees for the safe and stable operation of various projects.
Post time: Dec-08-2025